In the first year, dual modification of breadfruit starch (Artocarpus altilis) was carried out through oxidation and cross-linking reactions conducted step by step. The dual-modified starch was obtained from natural breadfruit starch modified with 0.02 M sodium periodate, 30% hydrogen peroxide, and cross-linked using trisodium trimetaphosphate and citric acid. The starch with the highest drug loading capacity was carboxylated phosphate starch. The higher the drug loading capacity, the greater the efficiency of drug encapsulation by the delivery matrix. This was influenced by the swelling power, which depends on the starch molecules’ ability to bind water through hydrogen bond formation.

Carboxylated phosphate starch exhibited a higher swelling power than the others, indicating more hydrogen bonds, thus allowing easier drug encapsulation and higher drug loading values.

The research roadmap for developing a vitamin E carrier matrix from dual-modified nanocrystalline starch of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) through oxidation and cross-linking reactions was conducted over two years. In the first year, the synthesis of dual-modified nanocrystalline breadfruit starch via oxidation and cross-linking was carried out, while in the second year, the vitamin E carrier matrix was produced from the dual-modified nanocrystalline starch.